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Integrity Constraints and Normal Forms

GATE CSE 2025 Set 1 · Q47

MSQ2 marksEasy

Time

Consider a relational schema team(name,city,owner)team(name, city, owner), with functional dependencies {name→city,name→owner}\{name \rightarrow city, name \rightarrow owner\}. The relation teamteam is decomposed into two relations, t1(name,city)t1(name, city) and t2(name,owner)t2(name, owner). Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE?

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Solution

Step-by-step verified solution

Official answer: B) The relations t1 and t2 are in BCNF.; C) The decomposition constitutes a lossless join.

Integrity Constraints and Normal Forms

Let us analyze the given relational schema and functional dependencies:

  1. Candidate Key of team(name,city,owner)team(name, city, owner):

    {name}+={name,city,owner}\{name\}^+ = \{name, city, owner\}

    Since namename determines all attributes of the schema, namename is the candidate key (and superkey).

  2. Normal Form of teamteam: For both functional dependencies name→cityname \rightarrow city and name→ownername \rightarrow owner, the left-hand side (namename) is a superkey. Therefore, the relation teamteam is in BCNF (and consequently in 3NF, 2NF, and 1NF). Hence, statements (A) and (D) are FALSE.

  3. Normal Form of t1(name,city)t1(name, city) and t2(name,owner)t2(name, owner):

    • For t1(name,city)t1(name, city), the projected functional dependency is name→cityname \rightarrow city, where namename is the candidate key. Thus, t1t1 is in BCNF.

    • For t2(name,owner)t2(name, owner), the projected functional dependency is name→ownername \rightarrow owner, where namename is the candidate key. Thus, t2t2 is in BCNF.

    Hence, statement (B) is TRUE.

  4. Lossless Join Check:

    R1∩R2={name,city}∩{name,owner}={name}R_1 \cap R_2 = \{name, city\} \cap \{name, owner\} = \{name\}
    {name}+={name,city,owner}\{name\}^+ = \{name, city, owner\}

    Since R1∩R2→R1R_1 \cap R_2 \rightarrow R_1 (and also R1∩R2→R2R_1 \cap R_2 \rightarrow R_2), the common attribute is a candidate key for both decomposed relations. Thus, the decomposition is lossless. Hence, statement (C) is TRUE.

Therefore, the correct statements are B and C.

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This Integrity Constraints and Normal Forms previous year question is Q47 of the GATE CSE 2025 Set 1 paper. Find more GATE CSE PYQs on Integrity Constraints and Normal Forms in Databases, or browse all GATE CSE PYQs.

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Integrity Constraints and Normal Forms in GATE CSE

Integrity Constraints and Normal Forms has 30 GATE CSE PYQs across 20 papers from 2011 to 2026. 4 of them are 2-mark MSQs like this one, and it is the only one in GATE CSE 2025 Set 1.

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GateAI solution cardGATE CSE 2025 Set 1 · Q47 · MSQ

Consider a relational schema team(name, city, owner), with functional dependencies {name → city, name → owner}. The relation team is decomposed into two relations, t1(name, city) and t2(name, owner). Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE?

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Independent practice explanation verified by the GateAI team. GATE is conducted by the IITs; question text follows the official paper.