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Propositional and First-Order Logic

GATE CSE 2016 Set 1 · Q1

NAT1 markEasy

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Let p,q,r,sp, q, r, s represent the following propositions. p:x∈{8,9,10,11,12}p: x \in \{8, 9, 10, 11, 12\} q:x is a composite numberq: x\text{ is a composite number} r:x is a perfect squarer: x\text{ is a perfect square} s:x is a prime numbers: x\text{ is a prime number} The integer x≥2x \ge 2 which satisfies eg((p⇒q)∧(egr∨egs)) eg((p \Rightarrow q) \wedge ( eg r \vee eg s)) is ________ .

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Solution

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Official answer: 11

Propositional and First-Order Logic

We are given the logical expression: eg((p⇒q)∧(egr∨egs)) eg((p \Rightarrow q) \wedge ( eg r \vee eg s))

Applying De Morgan's Law: $$\equiv eg(p \Rightarrow q) \veeeg(eg r \vee eg s)$$

Using the equivalence eg(p⇒q)≡p∧egq eg(p \Rightarrow q) \equiv p \wedge eg q and $eg(eg r \vee eg s) \equiv r \wedge s:: ≡(p∧egq)∨(r∧s)\equiv (p \wedge eg q) \vee (r \wedge s)$

Now, evaluate both parts for integers x≥2x \ge 2:

  1. Case 2: (r∧s)(r \wedge s) rr means xx is a perfect square, and ss means xx is prime. A prime number cannot be a perfect square for any integer x≥2x \ge 2, so r∧sr \wedge s is always False.

  2. **Case 1: $(p \wedge

eg q)∗∗** pmeans means x \in \{8, 9, 10, 11, 12\}.. eg qmeans means xisnotacompositenumber.Evaluatingeachelementintheset:− is not a composite number. Evaluating each element in the set: - 8:Composite(False)−: Composite (False) - 9:Composite(False)−: Composite (False) - 10:Composite(False)−: Composite (False) - 11:Prime,hencenotcomposite(True)−: Prime, hence not composite (True) - 12$: Composite (False)

Thus, the only integer that satisfies the given condition is 11.

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This Propositional and First-Order Logic previous year question is Q1 of the GATE CSE 2016 Set 1 paper. Find more GATE CSE PYQs on Propositional and First-Order Logic in Engineering Mathematics, or browse all GATE CSE PYQs.

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Propositional and First-Order Logic in GATE CSE

Propositional and First-Order Logic has 18 GATE CSE PYQs across 16 papers from 2011 to 2026. 2 of them are 1-mark NAT questions like this one, and it is the only one in GATE CSE 2016 Set 1.

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GateAI solution cardGATE CSE 2016 Set 1 · Q1 · NAT

Let p, q, r, s represent the following propositions. p: x ∈ {8, 9, 10, 11, 12} q: x is a composite number r: x is a perfect square s: x is a prime number The integer x ≥ 2 which satisfies eg((p ⇒ q) ( eg r eg s)) is …

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