Operating Systems · Memory Management and Virtual Memory
Official IIT answer key · IISc Bangalore · Audited Aug 2026
GATE CSE 2016 Set 1 Q49 · NAT · 2 marks
Key concept
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Topic notes
Memory management and virtual memory is a high-yield, computation-heavy topic in GATE CS, frequently carrying 2-mark NAT and MCQ/MSQ questions. The exam heavily emphasizes multi-level page table sizing, hierarchical bit-splitting, page replacement algorithm simulation (FIFO, LRU, OPTIMAL, MRU, LIFO), and Effective Memory Access Time (EMAT) calculations involving TLBs and disk transfers. Recent years have introduced variants such as bounded lookahead optimal replacement, code-based loop/array access patterns, and TLB reach sizing.
Full Memory Management and Virtual Memory guide →Consider a computer system with ten physical page frames. The system is provided with an access sequence (a1, a2, , a20, a1, a2, , a20), where each ai is a distinct virtual page number. The difference in the number of page faults between the last-in-first-out page replacement policy and the optimal page replacement policy is …
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Independent practice explanation verified by the GateAI team. GATE is conducted by the IITs; question text follows the official paper.
