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Databases · Relational Model and SQL
Official IIT answer key · IIT Kharagpur · Audited Aug 2026
GATE CSE 2022 Q25 · MSQ · 1 mark
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Topic notes
GATE tests the relational model across three interrelated formalisms: Relational Algebra (RA), Relational Calculus (TRC/DRC), and SQL. Questions evaluate core semantic equivalences, translation between declarative calculi and algebraic operators, table instance tracing (such as joins, group-by aggregations, and division), and corner cases like SQL three-valued logic, duplicate preservation, and safe TRC expressions.
Full Relational Model and SQL guide →Consider the following three relations in a relational database. Employee( eId, Name), Brand( bId, bName), Own( eId, bId) Which of the following relational algebra expressions return the set of eIds who own all the brands?
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