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Discrete Mathematics

GATE CSE 2020 · Q17

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Let R\mathcal{R} be the set of all binary relations on the set {1,2,3}\{1,2,3\}. Suppose a relation is chosen from R\mathcal{R} at random. The probability that the chosen relation is reflexive (round off to 3 decimal places) is ________.

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Official answer: 0.125 (±0)

Discrete Mathematics

Let A={1,2,3}A = \{1, 2, 3\}. The number of elements in AA is n=3n = 3.

  1. The total number of pairs in A×AA \times A is n2=32=9n^2 = 3^2 = 9.

  2. The total number of binary relations on AA is:

    ∣R∣=2n2=29=512|\mathcal{R}| = 2^{n^2} = 2^9 = 512
  3. For a relation to be reflexive, it must contain all n=3n = 3 diagonal pairs (1,1),(2,2),(3,3)(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3). The remaining n2−n=9−3=6n^2 - n = 9 - 3 = 6 non-diagonal pairs can either be present or absent independently.

  4. Thus, the number of reflexive relations is:

    2n(n−1)=29−3=26=642^{n(n-1)} = 2^{9-3} = 2^6 = 64
  5. The probability of choosing a reflexive relation at random is:

    P=2629=123=18=0.125P = \frac{2^6}{2^9} = \frac{1}{2^3} = \frac{1}{8} = 0.125

Rounded to 3 decimal places, the answer is 0.125.

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This Discrete Mathematics previous year question is Q17 of the GATE CSE 2020 paper. Find more GATE CSE PYQs on Discrete Mathematics in Engineering Mathematics, or browse all GATE CSE PYQs.

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Let R be the set of all binary relations on the set {1,2,3}. Suppose a relation is chosen from R at random. The probability that the chosen relation is reflexive (round off to 3 decimal places) is …

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