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Probability and Statistics

GATE CSE 2014 Set 1 · Q48

NAT2 marksMedium

Time

Four fair six-sided dice are rolled. The probability that the sum of the results being 22 is X/1296X/1296. The value of XX is _____.

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Official answer: 10 (±0)

Probability and Statistics

Let the outcomes of the four dice be d1,d2,d3,d4d_1, d_2, d_3, d_4, where 1≤di≤61 \le d_i \le 6 for each i∈{1,2,3,4}i \in \{1, 2, 3, 4\}. We are looking for the number of integer solutions to:

d1+d2+d3+d4=22d_1 + d_2 + d_3 + d_4 = 22

By symmetry, the number of ways to get a sum of SS when rolling 4 six-sided dice is equal to the number of ways to get a sum of 4(1+6)−S=28−S4(1 + 6) - S = 28 - S. For S=22S = 22:

28−22=628 - 22 = 6

Alternatively, let yi=6−diy_i = 6 - d_i, where 0≤yi≤50 \le y_i \le 5. Then:

(6−y1)+(6−y2)+(6−y3)+(6−y4)=22(6 - y_1) + (6 - y_2) + (6 - y_3) + (6 - y_4) = 22
24−(y1+y2+y3+y4)=22  ⟹  y1+y2+y3+y4=224 - (y_1 + y_2 + y_3 + y_4) = 22 \implies y_1 + y_2 + y_3 + y_4 = 2

Since each yi≥0y_i \ge 0 and the sum is 22, the condition yi≤5y_i \le 5 is automatically satisfied for all ii.

The number of non-negative integer solutions to y1+y2+y3+y4=2y_1 + y_2 + y_3 + y_4 = 2 is given by the stars and bars formula:

(n+k−1k)=(4+2−12)=(52)=5×42=10\binom{n + k - 1}{k} = \binom{4 + 2 - 1}{2} = \binom{5}{2} = \frac{5 \times 4}{2} = 10

Thus, the number of favorable outcomes is X=10X = 10.

The probability is 1064=101296\frac{10}{6^4} = \frac{10}{1296}, so X=10X = 10.

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This Probability and Statistics previous year question is Q48 of the GATE CSE 2014 Set 1 paper. Find more GATE CSE PYQs on Probability and Statistics in Engineering Mathematics, or browse all GATE CSE PYQs.

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GateAI solution cardGATE CSE 2014 Set 1 · Q48 · NAT

Four fair six-sided dice are rolled. The probability that the sum of the results being 22 is X/1296. The value of X is …

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