Consider the following statements. I. Symbol table is accessed only during lexical analysis and syntax analysis. II. Compilers for programming languages that support recursion necessarily need heap storage for memory allocation in the run-time environment. III. Errors violating the condition ‘any variable must be declared before its use’ are detected during syntax analysis. Which of the above statements is/are TRUE?

• Statement I is FALSE: The symbol table is used throughout almost all compiler phases, including semantic analysis, intermediate code generation, code optimization, and target code generation.

• Statement II is FALSE: Recursion requires dynamic stack allocation (activation records on a call stack) to manage function frames, not necessarily heap allocation. Heap storage is used for dynamic memory allocation where object lifetimes extend beyond function calls.

• Statement III is FALSE: Checking whether a variable is declared before use is a context-sensitive requirement, which cannot be captured by context-free syntax analysis (parsing); it is detected during semantic analysis (type/declaration checking).

Thus, none of I, II, and III are TRUE. Correct option is (D).