A network has a data transmission bandwidth of $20 \times 10^6$ bits per second. It uses CSMA/CD in the MAC layer. The maximum signal propagation time from one node to another node is $40$ microseconds. The minimum size of a frame in the network is _______ bytes.

For successful collision detection in CSMA/CD, the transmission time of a frame ($T_t$) must be at least twice the maximum propagation delay ($T_p$):

Given:

• Bandwidth, $B = 20 \times 10^6\text{ bits/second}$

• Propagation time, $T_p = 40\ \mu\text{s} = 40 \times 10^{-6}\text{ seconds}$

The minimum frame size $L$ (in bits) is:

Converting the frame size to bytes: