Computer Networks · TCP Flow and Congestion Control
Official IIT answer key · IIT Guwahati · Audited Aug 2026
GATE CSE 2018 Q25 · NAT · 1 mark
Key concept
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Topic notes
GATE CS tests TCP across three primary areas: congestion control dynamics (window growth phases, timeout recovery, and round-by-round segment tracking), sequence number wrap-around time and bit-budget calculations against MSL, and connection lifecycle mechanics (3-way handshake flags, state transitions during active/passive close, and crash recovery with RST segments). Questions are balanced between computational NATs involving RTTs and discrete bit math, and conceptual MSQ/MCQs focusing on byte-stream mechanics, piggybacking, and RFC 793 protocol invariants.
Full TCP Flow and Congestion Control guide →Consider a long-lived TCP session with an end-to-end bandwidth of 1 Gbps (= 109 bits-per-second). The session starts with a sequence number of 1234. The minimum time (in seconds, rounded to the closest integer) before this sequence number can be used again is …
Topic-wise GATE CS PYQs with verified steps
Independent practice explanation verified by the GateAI team. GATE is conducted by the IITs; question text follows the official paper.
