Operating Systems · Memory Management and Virtual Memory
Official IIT answer key · IIT Delhi · Audited Aug 2026
GATE CSE 2012 Q42 · MCQ · 2 marks
Key concept
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Topic notes
Memory management and virtual memory is a high-yield, computation-heavy topic in GATE CS, frequently carrying 2-mark NAT and MCQ/MSQ questions. The exam heavily emphasizes multi-level page table sizing, hierarchical bit-splitting, page replacement algorithm simulation (FIFO, LRU, OPTIMAL, MRU, LIFO), and Effective Memory Access Time (EMAT) calculations involving TLBs and disk transfers. Recent years have introduced variants such as bounded lookahead optimal replacement, code-based loop/array access patterns, and TLB reach sizing.
Full Memory Management and Virtual Memory guide →Consider the virtual page reference string 1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 1, 3, 2, 4, 1 on a demand paged virtual memory system running on a computer system that has main memory size of 3 page frames which are initially empty. Let LRU, FIFO and OPTIMAL denote the number of page faults under the corresponding page replacement policy. Then
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