Operating Systems · Memory Management and Virtual Memory
Official IIT answer key · IIT Kharagpur · Audited Aug 2026
GATE CSE 2022 Q64 · NAT · 2 marks
Key concept
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Topic notes
Memory management and virtual memory is a high-yield, computation-heavy topic in GATE CS, frequently carrying 2-mark NAT and MCQ/MSQ questions. The exam heavily emphasizes multi-level page table sizing, hierarchical bit-splitting, page replacement algorithm simulation (FIFO, LRU, OPTIMAL, MRU, LIFO), and Effective Memory Access Time (EMAT) calculations involving TLBs and disk transfers. Recent years have introduced variants such as bounded lookahead optimal replacement, code-based loop/array access patterns, and TLB reach sizing.
Full Memory Management and Virtual Memory guide →Consider a demand paging system with four page frames (initially empty) and LRU page replacement policy. For the following page reference string 7, 2, 7, 3, 2, 5, 3, 4, 6, 7, 7, 1, 5, 6, 1 the page fault rate, defined as the ratio of number of page faults to the number of memory accesses (rounded off to one decimal place) is …
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