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Discrete Mathematics

GATE CSE 2013 · Q25

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Which of the following statements is/are TRUE for undirected graphs? P: Number of odd degree vertices is even. Q: Sum of degrees of all vertices is even.

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Official answer: C) Both P and Q

Discrete Mathematics

According to the Handshaking Lemma for any undirected graph G=(V,E)G = (V, E):

∑v∈Vdeg(v)=2∣E∣\sum_{v \in V} \text{deg}(v) = 2|E|
  1. Statement Q: Since the sum equals 2∣E∣2|E|, which is twice the number of edges, the sum of degrees of all vertices is always an even number. Thus, Q is TRUE.

  2. Statement P: Partition the vertices into those with even degree (VevenV_{\text{even}}) and odd degree (VoddV_{\text{odd}}):

    ∑v∈Vevendeg(v)+∑v∈Vodddeg(v)=2∣E∣\sum_{v \in V_{\text{even}}} \text{deg}(v) + \sum_{v \in V_{\text{odd}}} \text{deg}(v) = 2|E|

    Since the total sum (2∣E∣2|E|) is even and the sum of even numbers is even, the sum ∑v∈Vodddeg(v)\sum_{v \in V_{\text{odd}}} \text{deg}(v) must also be even. A sum of odd integers is even if and only if the number of terms is even. Therefore, the number of odd-degree vertices must be even. Thus, P is TRUE.

Since both statements P and Q are true, the correct option is (C).

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This Discrete Mathematics previous year question is Q25 of the GATE CSE 2013 paper. Find more GATE CSE PYQs on Discrete Mathematics in Engineering Mathematics, or browse all GATE CSE PYQs.

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GateAI solution cardGATE CSE 2013 · Q25 · MCQ

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE for undirected graphs? P: Number of odd degree vertices is even. Q: Sum of degrees of all vertices is even.

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Independent practice explanation verified by the GateAI team. GATE is conducted by the IITs; question text follows the official paper.