Consider the following ANSI C function:int SimpleFunction(int Y[], int n, int x) { int total = Y[0], loopIndex; for (loopIndex = 1; loopIndex <= n - 1; loopIndex++) total = x * total + Y[loopIndex]; return total; }Let $Z$ be an array of 10 elements with $Z[i]=1$, for all $i$ such that $0 \le i \le 9$. The value returned by SimpleFunction(Z, 10, 2) is ________.

The given function evaluates a polynomial using Horner's rule:

Given:

• $n = 10$

• $x = 2$

• $Z[i] = 1$ for all $0 \le i \le 9$

Tracing the value of total:

• Initial: $\text{total} = Z[0] = 1$

• loopIndex = 1: $\text{total} = 2 \times 1 + 1 = 3 = 2^2 - 1$

• loopIndex = 2: $\text{total} = 2 \times 3 + 1 = 7 = 2^3 - 1$

• loopIndex = 3: $\text{total} = 2 \times 7 + 1 = 15 = 2^4 - 1$

• $\dots$

• loopIndex = 9: $\text{total} = 2^{10} - 1 = 1024 - 1 = 1023$

Therefore, the value returned is 1023.