Programming and Data Structures · Programming in C
Official IIT answer key · IIT Kanpur · Audited Aug 2026
GATE CSE 2015 Set 3 Q54 · NAT · 2 marks
#include<stdio.h>
int f1(void);
int f2(void);
int f3(void);
int x = 10;
int main( )
{
int x = 1;
x += f1( ) + f2( ) + f3( ) + f2( );
printf("%d", x);
return 0;
}
int f1() { int x = 25; x++; return x;}
int f2() { static int x = 50; x++; return x;}
int f3() { x *= 10; return x;}
The output of the program is _________.Key concept
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Topic notes
In GATE CS, Programming in C is tested extensively through rigorous code tracing, pointer mechanics, and fundamental semantics rather than high-level syntax trivia. Questions emphasize pointer arithmetic and multidimensional array decay, storage classes (especially static local variables), evaluation order, side effects of increment/decrement operators, parameter passing mechanisms (pass-by-value vs pass-by-reference), and recursive program state tracking. The topic features a nearly balanced split between NAT and MCQ items across 1-mark and 2-mark categories, demanding precise, bug-free execution traces without a compiler.
Full Programming in C guide →Consider the following C program. #include int f1(void); int f2(void); int f3(void); int x = 10; int main( ) int x = 1; x += f1( ) + f2( ) + f3( ) + f2( ); printf("%d", x); return 0; int f1() int x = 25; x++; return x; int f2() static int x = 50; x++; return x; int f3() x *= 10; return x; The output of the program is …
Topic-wise GATE CS PYQs with verified steps
Independent practice explanation verified by the GateAI team. GATE is conducted by the IITs; question text follows the official paper.