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Computer Organization and Architecture · Instruction Pipelining
Official IIT answer key · IIT Kanpur · Audited Aug 2026
GATE CSE 2015 Set 3 Q51 · NAT · 2 marks
Key concept
Topic notes
Instruction pipelining and pipeline hazards are tested extensively with a heavy numerical skew (primarily 2-mark NATs). GATE focuses on evaluating effective CPI and speedup under realistic hazard scenarios (data, control, and structural), calculating clock cycle time from bottleneck stage delays and latch latencies, and analyzing cycle-by-cycle instruction progression with or without operand forwarding. Conceptual items frequently test dependency classifications (RAW, WAR, WAW) and the mechanics of operand bypassing.
Full Instruction Pipelining guide →Independent practice explanation verified by the GateAI team. GATE is conducted by the IITs; question text follows the official paper.