Consider a main memory system that consists of 8 memory modules attached to the system bus, which is one word wide. When a write request is made, the bus is occupied for 100 nanoseconds (ns) by the data, address, and control signals. During the same 100 ns, and for 500 ns thereafter, the addressed memory module executes one cycle accepting and storing the data. The (internal) operation of different memory modules may overlap in time, but only one request can be on the bus at any time. The maximum number of stores (of one word each) that can be initiated in 1 millisecond is ________

To find the maximum number of store operations that can be initiated in $1\text{ millisecond}$:

1. Memory Module Cycle Time: Each memory module takes $100\text{ ns} + 500\text{ ns} = 600\text{ ns}$ to complete one write operation.

2. Bus Occupation Time: The system bus is occupied for $100\text{ ns}$ per write request.

3. Interleaving / Overlapping Operations: Since there are $8$ modules and the bus is occupied for $100\text{ ns}$ per request, the memory can accept a new request every $100\text{ ns}$ by interleaving across different modules. Because $8 \times 100\text{ ns} = 800\text{ ns} > 600\text{ ns}$, a module will always be free when addressed in round-robin fashion, making the bus the only bottleneck.

4. Initiation Rate: A new store operation can be initiated every $100\text{ ns}$.

5. Total Stores in $1\text{ ms}$:

   $$1\text{ ms} = 10^{-3}\text{ s} = 10^6\text{ ns}$$

   $$\text{Maximum number of stores} = \frac{10^6\text{ ns}}{100\text{ ns}} = 10000$$

Thus, the maximum number of stores that can be initiated is 10000.