Computer Organization and Architecture · Cache Memory and Hierarchy
Official IIT answer key · IISc Bangalore · Audited Aug 2026
GATE CSE 2024 Set 1 Q56 · NAT · 2 marks
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Topic notes
Memory hierarchy and cache mapping is one of the highest-yield, most quantitative topics in GATE Computer Science, regularly tested through 2-mark NAT and MSQ questions. GATE focuses heavily on bit-level address field decomposition (Tag, Set/Line Index, Block Offset) across direct, set-associative, and fully-associative caches, as well as multi-level hierarchical Average Memory Access Time (AMAT) calculations. Recent years have increased the emphasis on multi-select questions (MSQs) tracing reference sequences for eviction behavior and comparing write-back versus write-through policies.
Full Cache Memory and Hierarchy guide →A given program has 25% load/store instructions. Suppose the ideal CPI (cycles per instruction) without any memory stalls is 2. The program exhibits 2% miss rate on instruction cache and 8% miss rate on data cache. The miss penalty is 100 cycles. The speedup ( rounded off to two decimal places) achieved with a perfect cache (i.e., with NO data or instruction cache misses) is …
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