Consider a RISC machine where each instruction is exactly 4 bytes long. Conditional and unconditional branch instructions use PC-relative addressing mode with Offset specified in bytes to the target location of the branch instruction. Further the Offset is always with respect to the address of the next instruction in the program sequence. Consider the following instruction sequence If the target of the branch instruction is $i$, then the decimal value of the Offset is _________.

Given:

• Each instruction is 4 bytes long.

• The branch instruction beq is at instruction number $i+3$.

• In PC-relative addressing, the base address is the address of the next instruction in sequence, which is instruction number $i+4$.

• The target instruction is instruction number $i$.

Let the byte address of instruction $i$ be $A_i = 4i$.

• Address of next instruction after branch $= A_{i+4} = 4(i+4) = 4i + 16$.

• Address of target instruction $= A_i = 4i$.

The Offset is calculated as:

Thus, the decimal value of the Offset is -16.