Note: 1G=$10^9$

1. Execution Time for Non-Pipelined System:

   • Clock frequency $f_{\text{np}} = 1.6\text{ GHz}$

   • Cycle time $T_{\text{np}} = \frac{1}{1.6 \times 10^9}\text{ s}$

   • Average $\text{CPI}_{\text{np}} = 5$

   • Average execution time per instruction:

     $$t_{\text{np}} = \text{CPI}_{\text{np}} \times T_{\text{np}} = \frac{5}{1.6 \times 10^9}\text{ s}$$

2. Execution Time for Pipelined System:

   • Clock frequency $f_{\text{p}} = 1.2\text{ GHz}$

   • Cycle time $T_{\text{p}} = \frac{1}{1.2 \times 10^9}\text{ s}$

   • Base $\text{CPI} = 1$

   • Stall cycles per instruction $= 0.30 \times 2 = 0.6$

   • Average $\text{CPI}_{\text{p}} = 1 + 0.6 = 1.6$

   • Average execution time per instruction:

     $$t_{\text{p}} = \text{CPI}_{\text{p}} \times T_{\text{p}} = \frac{1.6}{1.2 \times 10^9}\text{ s}$$

3. Speed-up Calculation:

   $$\text{Speed-up} = \frac{t_{\text{np}}}{t_{\text{p}}} = \frac{\frac{5}{1.6 \times 10^9}}{\frac{1.6}{1.2 \times 10^9}} = \frac{5 \times 1.2}{1.6 \times 1.6} = \frac{6.0}{2.56} \approx 2.34375$$

Rounding off to two decimal places gives 2.34.